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Copayments

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American Rescue Plan: Copayment Cancellations and Refunds

Monday – Friday 8:30 AM – 5 PM EST Serving the Entire United States. In 2019, PAF served a population of patients with over 619 different diagnoses. Explore Our Resources Featured Projects. Insurance Glossary “Matters of. Office Visits $5 co-payment (One co-payment covers all office visits by one network provider) Not covered Cost sharing does not apply for preventive services. Depending on the type of services, a co-payment, co-insurance, or deductible may apply. Maternity care may include tests and services described elsewhere in the SBC (i.e.

Due to the passage of the American Rescue Plan in March 2021, copayments for medical care and prescriptions provided by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) during the period of April 6, 2020 through September 30, 2021 will be canceled. All copayments paid to VA for medical care and prescriptions during the period of April 6, 2020 to present will be refunded.

Please review the COVID-19 Medical Debt Relief page for answers to some common questions.
COVID-19 Medical Debt Relief FAQs

Enrolled Veterans will be assessed copayments for care or services (including urgent care) based on their eligibility and/or income on file in the VA health care system. For care or services furnished through the Veterans Community Care Program, the same copayment requirements will apply. Copayment rates are listed below.

For information on how to pay your bill or copayment, visit our Billing and Payments page.
Billing and Payments

Veteran Copayments— Published October 6, 2017

You can explore your eligibility for VA health care benefits using the online Health Benefits Explorer or by contacting the VA Call Center.

VA Call Center: 877-222-VETS (8387)
Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. – 8:00 p.m. ET

Urgent Care (Community Care)

Veterans may be charged a copayment for urgent care that is different from other VA medical copayments.

• Copayments depend on the Veteran’s assigned priority group and the number of times an urgent care provider is visited in a calendar year.
• Copayment charges are billed separately by VA as part of VA’s billing process. There is no limit to the number of times a Veteran can go to an urgent care provider. For more information, visit the OCC Urgent Care page.
  OCC Urgent Care page

Outpatient Care

Outpatient care is defined as primary or specialty care that does not require an overnight stay. Copayments for outpatient care are listed in the table.

NOTE: Veterans who have a service-connected rating of 10% or higher are not required to pay a copayment for outpatient medical care.

Inpatient Care

Inpatient care occurs when a patient’s condition requires admission to a hospital. There are two inpatient copayment rates: the full rate and the reduced rate. Veterans living in high cost areas may qualify for a reduced inpatient copayment rate. Copayment rates for an inpatient hospital stay are listed in the table below.

NOTE: Veterans who have a service-connected disability rating of 10% or higher are not required to pay a copayment for inpatient medical care.

Medications

Medication copayments are required for each prescription, including each 30-day (or less) supply of maintenance medications prescribed on an outpatient basis for nonservice-connected conditions. This copayment may change annually.

Medication copayments are also charged for all over-the-counter (OTC) medications (like aspirin, cough syrup, and vitamins) that are dispensed from a VA pharmacy. You may want to consider purchasing over-the-counter medications on your own.

NOTE: There is an annual medication copayment cap of $700 for Veterans in Priority Groups 2 through 8. The medication copayment cap goes by calendar year (January 1 – December 31).

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Veterans who have a service-connected rating of 40% or less, and whose income is at or below the applicable national income thresholds may wish to complete a medication copayment exemption test.

VA National Income LimitsVA Financial Assessment information

Additional information on tiered medication copays can be found on the VA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services website.

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Geriatrics and Extended Care

Copayments for health care for older Veterans are based on three levels of care—inpatient, outpatient, and domiciliary (see below). Copayment rates will vary from Veteran to Veteran depending upon financial information submitted on VA Form 10-10EC, Application for Extended Care Services.

NOTE: Copayments for long-term care services start on the 22^nd day of care during any 12-month period. There is no copayment requirement for the first 21 days.

Resources

877-222-VETS (8387)
Monday – Friday
8 a.m. – 8 p.m. EST

VA Geriatrics and Extended Care Resources

• VA Geriatrics and Extended Care
• VA Community Living Centers
• Respite Care
• Adult Day Health Care
• Domiciliary Care for Homeless Veterans Program

A copayment or copay is a fixed amount for a covered service, paid by a patient to the provider of service before receiving the service. It may be defined in an insurance policy and paid by an insured person each time a medical service is accessed. It is technically a form of coinsurance, but is defined differently in health insurance where a coinsurance is a percentage payment after the deductible up to a certain limit. It must be paid before any policy benefit is payable by an insurance company. Copayments do not usually contribute towards any policy out-of-pocket maxima whereas coinsurance payments do.^[1]

Insurance companies use copayments to share health care costs to prevent moral hazard. It may be a small portion of the actual cost of the medical service but is meant to deter people from seeking medical care that may not be necessary (e.g., an infection by the common cold). In health systems with prices below the market clearing level in which waiting lists act as rationing tools,^[2] copayment can serve to reduce the welfare cost of waiting lists.^[3]

However, a copay may also discourage people from seeking necessary medical care and higher copays may result in non-use of essential medical services and prescriptions, thus rendering someone who is insured effectively uninsured because they are unable to pay higher copays. Thus, there is a balance to be achieved: a high enough copay to deter unneeded expenses but low enough to not render the insurance useless.^{[editorializing]}

Germany[edit]

The German healthcare system had introduced copayments in the late 1990s in an attempt to prevent overutilization and control costs. For example, Techniker Krankenkasse-insured members above 18 years pay the copayments costs for some medicines, therapeutic measures and appliances such as physiotherapy and hearing aids up to the limit of 2% of the family's annual gross income. For chronically ill patients, the co-payment limit is 1% including any dependant living in their home. The average length of hospital stay in Germany has decreased in recent years from 14 days to 9 days, still considerably longer than average stays in the U.S. (5 to 6 days).^[4][5] The difference is partly driven by the fact that hospital reimbursement is chiefly a function of the number of hospital days as opposed to procedures or the patient's diagnosis. Drug costs have increased substantially, rising nearly 60% from 1991 through 2005. Despite attempts to contain costs, overall health care expenditures rose to 10.7% of GDP in 2005, comparable to other western European nations, but substantially less than that spent in the U.S. (nearly 16% of GDP).^[6] However, after research studies by the Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit (Research Institute for the Future of Labor) showed the copayment system was ineffective in reducing doctor visits, it was voted out by the Bundestag in 2012.

Prescription drugs[edit]

Some insurance companies set the copay percentage for non-generic drugs higher than for generic drugs. Occasionally if a non-generic drug is reduced in price insurers will agree to classify it as generic for copayment purposes (as occurred with simvastatin). Pharmaceutical companies have a very long term (frequently 20 years or longer) lock on a drug as a brand name drug which for patent reasons cannot be produced as a generic drug. However, much of this time is exhausted during pre-clinical and clinical research.^[7]

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To cushion the high copay costs of brand name drugs, some pharmaceutical companies offer drug coupons or temporary subsidized copayment reduction programs lasting from two months to twelve months. Thereafter, if a patient is still taking the brand name medication, the pharmaceutical companies might remove the option and require full payments. If no similar drug is available, the patient is 'locked in' to either using the drug with the high copays, or a patient takes no drugs and lives with the consequences of non-treatment.

Observed effects[edit]

Medication copayments have also been associated with reduced use of necessary and appropriate medications for chronic conditions such as chronic heart failure,^[8]chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, breast cancer,^[9] and asthma.^[10] In a 2007 meta-analysis, RAND researchers concluded that higher copayments were associated with lower rates of drug treatment, worse adherence among existing users, and more frequent discontinuation of therapy.^[11]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^University of Puget Sound. Benefits update. 2006 medical plan frequently asked questions. What is the difference between co-payments, coinsurance, and deductibles? Retrieved November 10, 2008.
2. ^Lindsay, Cotton M. and Bernard Feigenbaum (1984) 'Rationing by waiting lists', American Economic Review 74(3): 404-17.
3. ^Diego Varela and Anca Timofte (2011), 'The social cost of hospital waiting lists and the case for copayment: Evidence from Galicia'Archived 2015-11-07 at the Wayback Machine, The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration 11(1): 18-26.
4. ^'Germany: Health reform triggers sharp drop in number of hospitals'. Allianz. 25 July 2005. Retrieved November 14, 2011.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
5. ^'Average Length of Hospital Stay, by Diagnostic Category – United States, 2003'. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 14, 2011.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
6. ^Borger C, Smith S, Truffer C, et al. (2006). 'Health spending projections through 2015: changes on the horizon'. Health Aff (Millwood). 25 (2): w61–73. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.25.w61. PMID16495287.
7. ^Schacht, Wendy H. and Thomas, John R. Patent Law and Its Application to thePharmaceutical Industry: An Examination of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984('The Hatch-Waxman Act')[1] Retrieved December 1, 2014.
8. ^Cole JA, et al. Drug copayment and adherence in chronic heart failure: effect on cost and outcomes.^{[permanent dead link]} Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1157-64.
9. ^Neugut AI, Subar M, Wilde ET, Stratton S, Brouse CH, Hillyer GC, Grann VR, Hershman DL (May 2011). 'Association Between Prescription Co-Payment Amount and Compliance With Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer'. J Clin Oncol. 29 (18): 2534–42. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.33.3179. PMC3138633. PMID21606426.^{[permanent dead link]}
10. ^Dormuth CR, et al. Impact of two sequential drug cost-sharing policies on the use of inhaled medications in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Clin Ther 2006;28:964-78; discussion 962-3.
11. ^Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Zheng Y. Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health. JAMA 2007;298:61-69.